![]() ![]() Studies investigating the prevalence of NSAbs in psychiatric diseases have mainly focused on autoantibodies against the N-methyl- d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) in psychotic disorders but the possible role of neuronal autoantibodies in depression and anxiety has received little attention thus far 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23. Thus, there is a good reason to consider the possibility that certain NSAbs may constitute one of the putative causes of depression and anxiety 15, 16, 17. Neurotransmitter transporters and receptors are clearly implicated in the pathology of depression and anxiety and they are targeted therapeutically with anti-depressant drugs 13, 14. These autoantibodies are pathogenic by degrading or blocking neurotransmitter receptors, ion channels, or associated proteins, ultimately leading to dysfunction of neural signal transduction in most cases 12. It has been reported that certain neuronal surface autoantibodies (NSAbs) are associated with isolated symptoms of psychosis 11. Immune dysregulation has been observed in patients with depression and anxiety 3, 4, 5, 6 and a high prevalence of these disorders was found in autoimmune diseases 7, 8, 9, 10, which may suggest a link between autoimmunity and depression or anxiety. Although these disorders may share a similar cluster of symptoms, they are believed to be caused by heterogeneous pathophysiologic mechanisms. In conclusion, novel NSAbs were rare but predominately found in patients with current anxiety or depression indicating they might affect mental health in a small group of patients.ĭepression and anxiety disorders are among the most common illnesses and their economic burden ranks among the top-five of all diseases 1, 2. No obvious difference in the clinical characteristics between individuals with or without NSAbs was observed. The IHC-staining patterns of these eight samples were atypical for autoimmune encephalitis and accordingly, they tested negative for known NSAbs by CBA. ![]() In addition, eight IHC positive samples were positive for NSAbs on live neurons (7/819 vs 0/920 vs 1/492, P = 0.006). ![]() By IHC, 50 (2.2%) samples showed immunoreactivity to rat brain tissue, with no significant differences between the aforementioned groups (22/819 vs 18/920 vs 11/492, P > 0.99). Samples were tested by a combination of immunohistochemistry (IHC), staining on live rat hippocampus neurons and cell-based assay (CBA). To study whether NSAbs are more common in plasma of individuals with depression and anxiety than in controls, and to investigate if NSAbs correlate with disease status, plasma samples of 819 individuals with a current diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety, 920 in remission and 492 individuals without these disorders were included in this study. Some of these antigens are also involved in the pathology of depression and anxiety. The VENTANA iScan HT slide scanner is suited for high-throughput, high-volume applications and complements the VENTANA complete suite of digital pathology solutions which also includes the iScan Coreo Au slide scanner, VIRTUOSO image and workflow management software, and a portfolio of RUO, CE-IVD, and FDA-cleared 510(k) image analysis algorithms.Neuronal surface autoantibodies (NSAbs) against various antigens cause autoimmune encephalitis. Incorporating cutting-edge optical focus and slide handling technologies, the VENTANA iScan HT features include high throughput, the new system holds up to 360 slides and scans up to 80 slides per hour quality images at 20X and 40X and intuitive, efficient, and flexible workflow management, enabling a lab manager to load and unload slides while the scanner is in active operation. The VENTANA iScan HT slide scanner is a powerful high-throughput brightfield scanner, enabling pathologists and lab managers to optimize their digital pathology workflow with efficiency, convenience, speed, throughput, and reliability for unprecedented results. Ventana Medical Systems Inc, a member of the Roche Group, recently announced the commercial availability of the VENTANA iScan HT slide scanner in North America to be followed by Europe, the Middle East, and Africa in July 2012. ![]()
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